The Taliban are expected to announce a new government in Afghanistan within hours as chaos and confusion deepened and the country teetered on the brink of economic collapse more than two weeks after the Islamist militia seized control.

Sources told Agence-France Presse the cabinet could be presented after morning prayers on Friday, while Ahmadullah Muttaqi, a Taliban official, said on social media a ceremony was being prepared at the presidential palace in Kabul.

The private broadcaster Tolo said an announcement was imminent. The movement’s supreme leader, Haibatullah Akhundzada, is expected to have ultimate power over a new governing council, with a president below him, Taliban officials have said.

The Islamist militants governed Afghanistan through an unelected leadership council, brutally enforcing a radical form of sharia law, from 1996 until 2001, when they were ousted by US-led forces, but have promised a softer brand of rule since their return.

However, the US, the EU and others have cast doubt on such assurances, saying formal recognition of the new government – and any economic aid that would follow – will depend on the Taliban’s actions in power.

“We’re not going to take them at their word, we’re going to take them at their deeds,” the US undersecretary of state, Victoria Nuland, said. The EU has said the new rulers will not be recognised until they form an inclusive government, respect human rights and provide unfettered access for aid workers.

Haibatullah, a religious scholar from Kandahar whose son was a suicide bomber, is expected to play a theocratic role similar to that played by Iran’s supreme leader. Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, a co-founder and deputy leader of the movement who was imprisoned in Pakistan, is likely to be appointed head of government.

Other Taliban officials expected to hold senior positions include Sirajuddin Haqqani, another deputy leader, Mohammad Yaqoob, the son of the Taliban’s founder Mullah Muhammad Omar, who died in 2013.

A senior Taliban leader, Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai, said on Wednesday women could continue working but there “may not” be a place for them in the cabinet, prompting a rare protest on Thursday by 50 women for the right to work and over the lack of women’s participation in the new government.

Basira Taheri, one of the organisers of the protest in Herat, Afghanistan’s third-largest city, told AFP she wanted the Taliban to include women in the new cabinet. “We want the Taliban to hold consultations with us,” Taheri said. “We don’t see any women in their gatherings and meetings.”

The new government will face enormous challenges. The UN has warned of a looming humanitarian catastrophe across the country of 40 million people amid a severe drought, growing food insecurity and the upheavals of a 20-year war that forced thousands of families to flee their homes.

Food stocks distributed by the UN are likely to run out for much of the country by the end of September, the organisation’s humanitarian coordinator for Afghanistan has said, with shortages of food and other necessities already widely reported.

Hours-long queues outside banks and soaring prices in Kabul’s bazaars have underlined the increasing everyday worries facing the capital’s population.

Afghanistan desperately needs money, but despite assurances from the new Taliban-appointed central bank head, the Taliban are unlikely to get swift access to roughly $10bn (GBP7.25bn) in assets mostly held abroad by the Afghan central bank.

In a sign of where Afghanistan may now turn for international assistance, Zabiullah Mujahid, an official spokesman for the new regime, told the Italian newspaper la Repubblica that China was “our main partner and represents a fundamental and extraordinary opportunity for us as the Chinese government is ready to invest and rebuild our country”.

Mujahid said the Taliban “care a lot about the ‘one belt, one road’ project. We own rich copper mines, which, thanks to the Chinese, will be modernised. Finally, China represents our ticket to the markets around the world.”

Asked about the Taliban’s relationship with Russia, he said relations with Moscow were “mainly political and economic. Russia continues to mediate for us and with us to create the conditions for an international peace.”

The Taliban have promised to allow safe passage out of the country for any foreigners or Afghans left behind by the massive airlift that ended with the withdrawal of the last US troops on Monday, but Kabul airport remained closed on Thursday.

Domestic flights from the airport, which will be vital for humanitarian operations, would resume on Friday, Al Jazeera reported, adding that while a Qatari technical team was assessing damage, the return of international air traffic that would allow further evacuations would take “some time”.

With Reuters and AFP