Journalists from the Philippines and Russia have been awarded the 2021 Nobel peace prize as the Norwegian committee hailed their “courageous fight for freedom of expression … which is a pre-condition for democracy and lasting peace”.

Maria Ressa, the chief executive and cofounder of Rappler, and Dmitry Muratov, the editor-in-chief of Novaya Gazeta, were named as this year’s laureates by Berit Reiss-Andersen, the chair of the Norwegian Nobel committee.

“Free, independent and fact-based journalism serves to protect against abuse of power, lies and war propaganda,” Reiss-Andersen said. “Without freedom of expression and freedom of the press, it will be difficult to successfully promote fraternity between nations, disarmament and a better world order.”

Reiss-Andersen said the committee considered Ressa and Muratov to be “representatives of all journalists who stand up for this ideal in a world in which democracy and freedom of the press face increasingly adverse conditions”.

Ressa, 58, a former CNN bureau chief in the Philippines, and Rappler, the news site she founded in 2012, have faced multiple criminal charges and investigations after publishing stories critical of President Rodrigo Duterte and his bloody drugs war.

In emotional comments on Rappler’s Facebook page, she said: “This is a recognition of how hard it is to be a journalist today. How hard it is to keep doing what we do … It’s a recognition of the difficulties, but also hopefully of how we’re going to win the battle for truth. The battle for facts. We hold the line.”

In a subsequent interview she said the award was for Rappler, not her, and showed the Nobel peace prize committee had recognised that “a world without facts means a world without truth and and a world without trust”.

When facts are debatable, she said, when “the world’s largest distributor of news prioritises the spread of lies laced with anger and hate – then journalism becomes activism … It’s about the facts, right?”

Muratov, 59, who was one of the founders of the independent newspaper Novaya Gazeta in 1993 and has been its editor-in-chief since 1995, told the Telegram news service Podyom: “We will continue to represent Russian journalism, which is now being suppressed. That’s all.”

He was later quoted by the Russian news agency Tass as saying the award “is for Novaya Gazeta, and also for those who died defending the right of people to freedom of speech. Now that they are no longer with us, [the Nobel committee] probably decided I should tell it to everyone.”

He then proceeded to list journalists murdered in Russia for their work: “It’s for Igor Domnikov, it’s for Yura Shchekochikhin, it’s for Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya, it’s for Nastya Baburova, it’s for Natasha Estemirova, for Stas Markelov. This is for them.”

The Nobel committee said Rappler had focused “critical attention on the Duterte regime’s controversial, murderous anti-drug campaign”, adding that Ressa and Rappler “have also documented how social media is being used to spread fake news, harass opponents and manipulate public discourse.”

It said of Muratov’s Novaya Gazeta that the newspaper was “the most independent newspaper in Russia today, with a fundamentally critical attitude towards power”.

The paper’s “fact-based journalism and professional integrity have made it an important source of information on censurable aspects of Russian society rarely mentioned by other media,” the committee said.

Pavel Kanygin, a veteran reporter at Novaya Gazeta, said: “It feels unreal. This is a great encouragement for us all, the last few months have been very difficult for Russian journalism, we had a feeling we are all approaching a tragic ending. We were running out of hope.

“I hope this prize will help to protect us against attacks from the authorities. This is an award that is important not just for us, but the whole Russian independent journalist community. Muratov is a living legend.”

The Kremlin spokesperson, Dmitry Peskov, congratulated Muratov on winning the prize, hailing him as a “talented and brave” person.

“We can congratulate Dmitry Muratov – he has consistently worked in accordance with his ideals, he has adhered to his ideals, he’s talented and brave. It’s a high appraisal and we congratulate him,” Peskov said after the prize was announced.

The prestigious award is accompanied by a gold medal and 10m Swedish kronor (GBP837,000). The prize money comes from a bequest left by the prize’s creator, the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel, who died in 1895.

Previous laureates include the Pakistani campaigner for female education Malala Yousafzai, anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela, US president Barack Obama, the Dalai Lama, Catholic missionary Mother Teresa, civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Chinese writer and activist Lio Xiaobo, and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.

This year’s nominees include the environmental activist Greta Thunberg, the Belarusian human rights activist and politician Svitlana Tsikhanouskaya and the jailed Russian opposition figure Alexei Navalny.

Organisations nominated include Black Lives Matter, the World Health Organization, the Covax vaccine sharing body, and the press freedom groups Reporters Without Borders and the Committee to Protect Journalists.